BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF CERTAIN SUPREME WATER PLANTS GROWING IN ARTIFICIAL WATER BASINS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NUKUS CITY)

Abstract

In the territory of Karakalpakstan, aquatic plants are considered a vital biological component of aquatic ecosystems, playing a crucial role in stabilizing the hydrological regime, regulating the physicochemical indicators of water, and maintaining biodiversity. Specifically, in the Amu Darya delta and adjacent lake systems, aquatic plants function as natural biofilters of the aquatic environment and participate in the circulation of organic and mineral substances.[2,3,4,]
The sharp change in the water regime in the Aral Sea basin, especially since the second half of the 20th century as a result of the decrease in the flow of the Amu Darya, has had a serious impact on the structural and functional state of aquatic ecosystems in the region. As a result, previously stable lakes and reservoirs have shrunk, and their hydrochemical regime has changed. These changes led to a disruption in the balance of the main environmental factors affecting aquatic plants: water level, temperature, salinity, and nutrients. In particular, as a result of increasing salinity and decreasing water volume, sensitive aquatic species are shrinking, and their place is being taken by species with high ecological plasticity. This significantly reduced the species composition and structural diversity of plant communities [2,3,4,5]