SAFE TOURISM PRACTICES IN HISTORICAL CITIES: THE CASE OF SAMARKAND, BUKHARA, KHIVA, TASHKENT AND SHAHRISABZ

Abstract

This article examines the development and practical implementation of safe tourism systems in Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Tashkent, and Shahrisabz, the historical cities of Uzbekistan renowned for their rich cultural and historical heritage. The study explores these processes from historical, legal, institutional, and regional perspectives. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of tourist safety as a distinct area of governance within the framework of tourism reforms in Uzbekistan, the introduction of organizational safety mechanisms in historical cities, and the establishment of a secure environment at tourist destinations, cultural heritage sites, and within transport infrastructure. The article also provides a scientific analysis of measures aimed at ensuring tourist safety and improving the effectiveness of relevant institutional arrangements. Furthermore, it puts forward scientific and practical recommendations for enhancing tourist safety systems in historical cities, strengthening cooperation between relevant government authorities and tourism stakeholders, and developing region-specific safety approaches that take into account the requirements of cultural heritage preservation.