Abstract
The spleen, as a major secondary lymphoid organ involved in systemic immune surveillance, antigen presentation, lymphocyte maturation, and hematological filtration, may therefore represent an important morphological target of chronic renal dysfunction. The present study aimed to characterize the morphological and morphometric remodeling of the spleen under conditions of experimentally induced chronic kidney failure and to determine the structural parameters that most adequately reflect systemic renal-associated immune and hematological disturbances. Experimental animals were divided into control and chronic kidney disease groups. Histological examination of splenic tissue was performed with assessment of the capsule, trabecular framework, white pulp, red pulp, lymphoid follicles, periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, marginal zones, and vascular components. Quantitative morphometric analysis included determination of the relative areas of white and red pulp, number and diameter of lymphoid follicles, vascular parameters, and stromal components.
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